Torah Ark Curtain (Parokhet)
- Date
- 1754–55
- made in
- Ancona, Marche region, Italy, Europe
- Classification
- Coverings & hangings, textiles
- Collection
- Decorative Arts and Design
- Current Location
- Not on view
- Dimensions
- 87 × 66 in. (221 × 167.6 cm)
- Credit Line
- The Deane and Paul Shatz Endowment Fund for Judaica
- Rights
- Public Domain
- Object Number
- 2:2019
NOTES
A needlework tour-de-force, the azure satin ground of this Torah Ark curtain ("parokhet") is extensively appliquéd and embroidered with silk and metallic threads, pressed metal strips, spiral wire, and sequins. The silver and gold embellishment and most of the flowers are worked on thin sheets of vellum, or prepared animal skin, and in some cases padded for added volume. The textile’s opulence reflects the skill and wealth of its young maker, Simhah Viterbo.
Torah curtains hang in front of the ark, a cabinet or structure that houses the sacred Torah scrolls, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. This curtain would have been visible to a synagogue’s entire congregation, including the women who occupied the elevated gallery above the main hall. Its scalloped and scrolling ornament and carefully depicted carnations, bellflowers, and roses follow a European taste for botanical naturalism. However, the curtain's enclosed floral borders and symmetrical central composition suggest the influence of Ottoman textiles.
Provenance
1985/05/17-18
Offered at Judaica: Books, Manuscripts, and Works of Art sale, Sotheby’s, Jerusalem May 17-18, 1985, lot number 242 [1]
c.1985 - c.1989
Peter Ehrenthal, New York, NY [2]
1989/06/19
Offered at Habsburg, Feldman: Fine Art Auctions, Geneva, Switzerland, June 19, 1989 [3]
Orinoco Foundation, London, possibly purchased at Habsburg, Feldman, Geneva, Switzerland [4]
c.2015 - 2018
Golconda Trust, Liechtenstein [5]
2018/12/19 -
Saint Louis Art Museum, purchased at Important Judaica sale, Sotheby's, New York, December 19, 2018, lot number 151 [6]
Notes:
[1] See the auction catalogue ["Judaica: Books, Manuscripts, and Works of Art." Sotheby’s, Jerusalem May 17-18, 1985, lot number 242]. An attached price list suggests the parokhet went unsold.
[2] In the 1989 exhibition catalogue "Gardens and Ghettos: The Art of Jewish Life in Italy," Peter Ehrenthal of New York is referenced as owner ["Gardens and Ghettos: the art of Jewish life in Italy." Edited by Vivian B. Mann. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1989, p. 278, catalogue number 147]. In a December 17, 2018 telephone conversation, Sharon Mintz, Sotheby’s consultant and Jewish Theological Seminary curator told SLAM curator Genevieve Cortinovis that her research revealed the parokhet was sold by Peter Ehrenthal in Geneva, Switzerland to the current owner before the opening of "Gardens and Ghettos" and thus, while listed in the catalogue, was not included in the exhibition.
[3] See the auction price catalogue "Kunstpreisjahrbuch," Volume 44, Part 2, 1989, p. 526. According the catalogue, the parokhet sold for 80,000 Swiss francs.
[4] In the 1992 exhibition catalogue "Le Monde Juif : Une Histoire Sainte," the Orinoco Foundation of London is referenced as the owner [Charles-Gaffiot, Jacques. “L’Integration des Juifs au XVIIIeme” in "Le Monde Juif : Une Histoire Sainte." Paris: Centre culturel du Panthéon, 1992]. Charles-Gaffiot calls the parokhet French in his essay, however no supporting evidence is provided.
[5] Per email on August 18, 2020 from Gioia Perugia, Storage and Collection Manager at The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, to SLAM curator Genny Cortinovis, this parokhet was on extended loan to The Israel Museum from the Golconda Trust, Lichtenstein and was featured in an exhibition curated by Perugia in 2015 [see document files].
[6] See the auction catalogue [Important Judaica, Including a distinguished Private Collection. Sotheby's, New York, December 19, 2018, lot number 151].
Offered at Judaica: Books, Manuscripts, and Works of Art sale, Sotheby’s, Jerusalem May 17-18, 1985, lot number 242 [1]
c.1985 - c.1989
Peter Ehrenthal, New York, NY [2]
1989/06/19
Offered at Habsburg, Feldman: Fine Art Auctions, Geneva, Switzerland, June 19, 1989 [3]
Orinoco Foundation, London, possibly purchased at Habsburg, Feldman, Geneva, Switzerland [4]
c.2015 - 2018
Golconda Trust, Liechtenstein [5]
2018/12/19 -
Saint Louis Art Museum, purchased at Important Judaica sale, Sotheby's, New York, December 19, 2018, lot number 151 [6]
Notes:
[1] See the auction catalogue ["Judaica: Books, Manuscripts, and Works of Art." Sotheby’s, Jerusalem May 17-18, 1985, lot number 242]. An attached price list suggests the parokhet went unsold.
[2] In the 1989 exhibition catalogue "Gardens and Ghettos: The Art of Jewish Life in Italy," Peter Ehrenthal of New York is referenced as owner ["Gardens and Ghettos: the art of Jewish life in Italy." Edited by Vivian B. Mann. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1989, p. 278, catalogue number 147]. In a December 17, 2018 telephone conversation, Sharon Mintz, Sotheby’s consultant and Jewish Theological Seminary curator told SLAM curator Genevieve Cortinovis that her research revealed the parokhet was sold by Peter Ehrenthal in Geneva, Switzerland to the current owner before the opening of "Gardens and Ghettos" and thus, while listed in the catalogue, was not included in the exhibition.
[3] See the auction price catalogue "Kunstpreisjahrbuch," Volume 44, Part 2, 1989, p. 526. According the catalogue, the parokhet sold for 80,000 Swiss francs.
[4] In the 1992 exhibition catalogue "Le Monde Juif : Une Histoire Sainte," the Orinoco Foundation of London is referenced as the owner [Charles-Gaffiot, Jacques. “L’Integration des Juifs au XVIIIeme” in "Le Monde Juif : Une Histoire Sainte." Paris: Centre culturel du Panthéon, 1992]. Charles-Gaffiot calls the parokhet French in his essay, however no supporting evidence is provided.
[5] Per email on August 18, 2020 from Gioia Perugia, Storage and Collection Manager at The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, to SLAM curator Genny Cortinovis, this parokhet was on extended loan to The Israel Museum from the Golconda Trust, Lichtenstein and was featured in an exhibition curated by Perugia in 2015 [see document files].
[6] See the auction catalogue [Important Judaica, Including a distinguished Private Collection. Sotheby's, New York, December 19, 2018, lot number 151].
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