Technical imaging allows researchers to see past the visible surface of a painting to reveal hidden details and examine underlying material layers.
Common imaging techniques include pairing front and back (verso), raking light, and specular light photography with light sources that operate within the visible light spectrum (e.g., incandescent light bulbs). More advanced techniques, such as ultraviolet-induced fluorescence photography, infrared reflectography, and X-radiography, use sensors and light sources that operate outside the visible light spectrum.